If you lack self-discipline, read this

1. Excuses make today easy, but they make tomorrow hard.

2.  Discipline makes today hard, but it makes tomorrow easy.

3.  If you're serious about growth, be serious about consistency, persistency, focus, determination, and discipline.

4. Remember that, discipline will take you places that motivation can’t. Motivation gets you going, but discipline keeps you growing.

5.  If you can master self-discipline, you can have anything you want.

6. Set clear goals and have an execution plan. Have a clear vision of what you want to accomplish. Create a mantra to keep yourself focused. It makes easier to commit yourself to what needs to be done.

7. No success until you accept the pain of discipline

8. Time blocking and hardwork. Enjoy hardwork. Block a period of your time to a task. Focus on one task at a time. Focus on trying to get your work faster and better.

9. Use "the power of three" to lower your high expectations. Creating a list of three small little action steps that you can do straight away will get closer to your desired outcome instead of being stuck in decision paralysis.

10. Self-Discipline is a daily skill — if you don’t use it, you lose it. The more we repeat and practice a given task or habit it will eventually make a habit out of it. Get back again if your self-discipline starts to slip, try until you master your self-control, & repeat.

11. The distance between dreams and reality is called discipline.

12. Never give, because beautiful  things can be born  from misery

Brief History of Muhammad (PBUH)

 

Early Muhammad (PBUH) and Mecca

 Muhammad ibn Abdullah was born around 571CE in Mecca, in what is today, Saudi Arabia. He was born in the Banu Hashim clan, named after his great-grandfather, of the Quraysh tribe. Quraysh were a local power and ran every aspect of Mecca's administration. Both the Quraysh and the Banu Hashim were mostly merchants owing to, as tradition tells us, the importance of Mecca in the Trans-Arabian trade. All of Arabia came to Mecca for an annual pilgrimage and brought goods to sell which the Meccans then took up to the Levant and sold. Mecca's importance, we're told, came from its status as a Harem. A Harem is a place where, due to religious reasons, you couldn't shed blood unless you wanted the wrath of the gods. At the time of Muhammad, there were various Harems in Arabia associated with various deities. Mecca was associated with Hubal, the god of, among other things, rain and war. Over time, Arabian tribes had brought idols of their deities to Mecca, and stored them in a shrine called the Kaaba, in order to turn it into a sort of universal Harem which was watched over by all gods including THE God whom the Arabs called Allah. The term Allah is a deformed version of the word Al-Illah meaning THE God. This made it a perfect place to trade in a society where people had short tempers and long swords. Along with taking part in it, the Meccans taxed this trade.

 Trading Mission

 Muhammad's father had passed away a short while before he was born and his mother passed away when he was very young. He was taken in by his grandfather who also passed away shortly after so, Muhammad grew up in the care of his uncle and the chief of the Banu Hashim, Abu Talib. As a young boy, Muhammad went on a trading mission with his uncle to Damascus. On the journey, at a place in Syria, Muhammad was seen by a Christian monk named Bahira, This monk recognised Muhammad as having the qualities of a prophet described in Christian scripture and so, warned his uncle that the boy was in danger of someone recognising him.His uncle abandoned the trading mission and returned to Mecca.  In another  trading mission,  Muhammad  as a young man, roughly 25 years of age, work for a rich widow named Khadija. She hired Muhammad to take goods to the Levant and sell them. Muhammad did this and Khadija was so impressed by him that she sent him a marriage proposal. She became his first and, for as long as she lived, his only wife and a source of support when he started his life as God's prophet.

 Prophethood and Revelation

 Around the age of 40, in the year 610 or so, Muhammad was meditating in a cave outside Mecca, something he did often by this time, when he was visited by the angel Jibrail or Gabriel. Jibrail told him to read, to which he replied, "I can not read". Jibrail said it again and Muhammad gave the same reply. The third time, Jibrail said the following..."Read in the name of your lord who created.Created man from a clot of blood. Read! For your lord is the most generous. Who taught by the pen. Taught man what he did not know." These words, according to tradition, became the first revelation of the Quran and turned Muhammad of Arabia, an orphan, into Muhammad, the Prophet of Allah. Though, this transition wasn't immediate. He was scared and his wife, Khadija, took him to a cousin of hers who was well-versed in the knowledge of the Torah and the Bible. This cousin told Muhammad that he was indeed an Abrahamic Prophet in the same tradition as Moses and Jesus.

 The next revelation came three years after the first and jumpstarted Muhammad's mission of preaching monotheism to the Meccans who were primarily Polytheists. Though, the concept of monotheism wasn't an alien one. Arabia was full of pockets of Christian and Jewish societies. In fact, Yemen had even had a Christian kingdom for a while. Also, Meccans went up to the Christian Levant all the time for trade. Some of them even owned land there. At this point, the revelations of the Quran and Muhammad's preaching focused on abstract ideas such as monotheism, the end of days, heaven and hell etc. Not much would have distinguished Muhammad's teachings from that of Jesus or any other Abrahamic Prophet.

 Though, the idea of monotheism went against the entire economic model of Meccan society. If they were to accept Muhammad's God, they'd have to throw away the idols of all the other Arabian gods which were housed inside the Kaaba and hence diminish or even destroy its importance. So, as  expected, they wanted to stop Muhammad who was preaching his message to anyone who'd listen. In the tribal societies of Arabia, you were only as strong as your clan. You'd stick with them and they'd provide protection. If you were attacked by someone, it would be an offence to your clan and so a war could start between the two clans. These bloody conflicts could go on for generations.Since Muhammad came from a fairly influential clan, he couldn't be hurt as that would mean an offence against his clan. The chief of the Banu Hashim, Abu Talib had raised Muhammad and loved him very much so, he protected Muhammad. However, his early followers were mostly the weak and the helpless people of Mecca who didn't have anyone to protect them. The Meccans cracked down on them and made their lives miserable. From financial boycotts to outright torture.

 Madinah : City of  the Prophet

 Muhammad started looking for a place where they could settle down or at least get temporary refuge. Somehow, he heard that the King of Ethiopia was a kind man and sent an emissary to him. He agreed to give refuge to Muhammad's followers. So many of them who could afford it, emigrated to Ethiopia around 615. Back in Mecca, Muhammad continued his mission. He was able to get a few influential followers as well. Among these followers were names that later became very prominent in Muhammad’s community such as Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf and Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. However, in 619, Muhammad’s world was turned upside down when two of the most important people in his life passed away. First, Khadija, his beloved wife and source of emotional support. Second, Abu Talib, his uncle, guardian and protector.After Abu Talib, another uncle called Abu Lahab became chief of the Banu Hashim. He did not feel the same way about his nephew as Abu Talib had. He withdrew his protection. Muhammad was now fair game to anyone who wanted to hurt him.

 Muhammad began looking for a new home for himself and his community. Luckily, in 620, during the annual pilgrimage season, Muhammad met some people from a nearby oasis town called Yathrib. They liked Muhammad's message and promised to come back next year with more of their countrymen which they did. This delegation offered Muhammad and his followers safe refuge if he came to their city as an arbitrator. Yathrib was located around 350kms north of Mecca and was home to various polytheist tribes as well as a significant population of Jews. They had been fighting each other for generations and were looking for an impartial arbitrator who could resolve disputes before swords were drawn. They saw Muhammad as that man because he was charismatic and he was well-aware of both monotheistic and Jewish traditions.

On the other side, the Meccans began an assassination plot. An interesting thing from that plot is that every single clan in Mecca contributed a man to the group of assassins, that way everyone would be involved in the assassination. That mixed with Abu Lahab's lack of support for Muhammad, would ensure that Banu Hashim wouldn't go to war with every single clan in Mecca and would, hence, accept monetary compensation. Though, according to tradition, God made Muhammad aware of this and he left that very night to go to Yathrib. Most of his followers had already left, he along with his dear friend, Abu Bakr, were among the last to make this journey.

 In the year 622, Prophet Muhammad arrived in Yathrib with Abu Bakr. This year is, hence, year one on the Islamic Hijra calendar and was used by later Muslims to keep track of time. Yathrib was a very different place, in comparison to Mecca. Where Mecca was surrounded by rocky mountains, Yathrib was an oasis surrounded by agricultural fields and gardens. Where Mecca was dominated by a single tribe, Yathrib was divided between various small tribes as well as two big ones, the Aws and the Khazraj. Finally, where Mecca was hostile to Muhammad’s message, Yathrib was welcoming. From this point on, traditionally, Yathrib is known as “Madinah tul Rasul Allah”, meaning, “The city of the Messenger of God”, shortened to Madinah. Muhammad’s migration to Madinah marks a watershed, not just in the history of Islam but,  also in the history of religions themselves. Muhammad wasn’t just a preacher now, but he was now also a political and military leader. The next eleven years, the time Muhammad spend in Madinah, guided and, in fact, continue to guide his followers in almost every matter, on an individual level and on the state level.

 Before this, the Quran was focused on abstract concepts such as God’s oneness, heaven, hell, the day of judgement etc. Now, the Quran would shift to talk about more practical and worldly things. Muhammad’s first step in Madinah was to settle his countrymen along with the natives.nMuhammad’s followers from Mecca came to be known as the Muhajirun, “The Emigrants”. Muhammad’s followers from Madinah, who helped the Muhajirun came to be known as the Ansar, “The Helpers”.

 The Charter of Madinah

 The the earliest piece of an actual historical document from Muhammad’s life, aside from the Quran, was the written charter signed among the people of Madinah at that time. Within the first year of Muhammad’s arrival in Yathrib, he created a document that is commonly known by Muslims as, “The Charter or Constitution of Madinah”. It wasn’t a constitution in the modern sense of the word, of course. It was more of a treaty between the various tribes of Yathrib including the Jewish ones and the newly arrived followers of Muhammad. Even the most skeptical of scholars today agree that the document is largely authentic. It may have been edited later on and might even have been multiple documents in the beginning but it is largely authentic. In its 60 or so clauses, Muhammad lays out the relationship that was to exist between almost everyone who lived in Madinah. One of the themes that appear in the document is that of unity between Muhammad’s followers and everyone else. The parties to the agreement must recognize themselves as a unit with Muhammad at its head. Where, to his followers, Muhammad was the instrument of God’s will, to the Jews, he was merely an arbitrator. These parties must help each other and bring their disputes to Muhammad. They were also not allowed to help any outsiders against each other, this included the Meccans. This social unit is called an Ummah in the document. Interestingly, today, the term applies only to Muslims but evidently, back then it applies to Muhammad’s followers who believed in him being God’s prophet as well as his allies who didn’t, including the Jews of Madinah. To some scholars this indicates that Muhammad didn’t see himself and his followers as being distinct or, at least, distinct enough from other Abrahamic religions such as Judaism.  Interestingly enough, it appears in the Constitution of Madinah which indicates that it was probably an addition made in the later centuries.

 Battles of Badr and Trench

 Later event reported Meccans had seized the properties of the Muhajirun. This gave Muhammad justification for raiding Meccan caravans, since Madinah was close to the trade route that went between Mecca and Greater Syria. As Muhammad raided the Meccans, it brought him and the Meccans to the brink of war. The first battle came in 624, at the location of Badr. According to tradition, the Meccans were thrice as many as the Believers but still, due to Muhammad’s strategic brilliance, he won the day. This assured, for his followers, that God was, indeed, on their side. Shortly after this battle, Muhammad expelled the Jewish tribe of Banu Qaynuqa. According to tradition, the Banu Qaynuqa had harassed a Believer woman in a market which had led to bloodshed between the two groups.Muhammad besieged them and after they surrendered, he expelled them.

 The next year, in 625, the Meccans came with an army to exact revenge for Badr. This time, again, we’re told, they were thrice as many as the Believers. However, due to miscommunication among Muhammad’s men, the Meccans were able to attack from the rear and rout Muhammad’s army. Even Muhammad himself was injured. This battle was a defeat for the Believers but the Meccans themselves broke before they could do any significant damage to Madinah. So, the Believers lived to fight another day. A prominent figure on the Meccan side was Khalid ibn al-Walid who had a big hand indefeating the Believers. He became the sharpest dagger in Muhammad’s armory a few years later. This time too, as with the aftermath of Badr, Muhammad expelled a Jewish tribe. There are many reasons mentioned for why Muhammad did it. Some sources say that the Banu Nadir, sensing weakness in Muhammad’s position, challenged him for power. Others say that the Banu Nadir were planning to assassinate Muhammad. Whatever the case, they were besieged and expelled.

 Around the end of 626, Muhammad came to hear of a confederation formed between the expelled Jewish tribes and the Meccans. A huge army of 10,000 was coming to end Muhammad’s community at Madinah. With the suggestion of Salman the Persian, we’re told, Muhammad decided to defend himself by building a trench around Madinah’s north side which was the only direction that Madinah could be attacked from since it had mountains and gardens on the other three sides. The Confederation besieged Madinah but couldn’t get over the trench. After a siege of a month, the Confederation broke and the army went home. After this, came the most controversial event from Muhammad’s life, the massacre of the Banu Qurayza. Banu Qurayza were a Jewish tribe that also lived in Madinah. They had been signatory to the Constitution but during the Battle of the Confederation, they had promised to helped the Confederation. They would’ve attacked from inside Madinah to weaken Muhammad’s position. This was, of course, a serious offence. Muhammad laid siege to them and when they surrendered, he delivered judgement. All men would be killed, all women and children will be enslaved. This resulted in the execution of some 700 men. Muhammad didn’t deliver this judgement on his own. He had appointed Sa'd ibn Mu'adh for this job. Sa’d, we’re told, was an expert on Jewish scripture and from the Aws tribe, which was an ally of the Banu Qurayza. Though, he was a Believer. He had looked at Jewish scripture and decided Banu Qurayza’s fate from there.

 Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

 Around the turn of the year 628-629, Muhammad and some 1,400 of his companions went to Mecca as pilgrims. The Meccans thought this was an invading army and quickly reacted. Muhammad stopped at Hudaybiyyah to send an envoy to Mecca to ensure them of his peaceful intentions. The Meccans held the man Muhammad had sent which led to Muhammad thinking the Meccans had killed him.Right there, Muhammad took an oath from his companions to avenge their fallen brotheror die trying. Meanwhile, the Meccans approached Muhammad to ensure him that his envoy was safe and that they wanted peace but they won’t let him perform the pilgrimage this year. This resulted in the treaty of Hudaybiyyah. The treaty had various points but a few that are relevant to us are the following. First, Muhammad and his followers would leave this year and return the next to observe the pilgrimage at which point, the Meccans will retreat to the mountains. Second, there will be truce of ten years between the Meccans and Muhammad. Finally, whichever tribes want to join Muhammad or the Meccans can do so but they would also be bound by this treaty, ergo, they’d have to respect the truce as well.* Many of Muhammad’s followers were opposed to the treaty but it was signed and the Quran called it a manifest victory.Within a year of the treaty, victory would indeed come.

 Shortly after returning from Mecca, Muhammad attacked the Jewish stronghold at Khaybar. This was a major economic center for the Jewish community of Arabia. Not only was it agriculturally prosperous, it was also home to some of the Jewish tribes that Muhammad had expelled. According to Islamic sources, they were allying themselves with other tribes to attack Madinah. Though, in reality, it’s possible Muhammad just wanted his rear secured. After a siege and assault, Khaybar surrendered. Muhammad allowed them to return to their lives except they now had to pay half their produce to Madinah. By taking this, Muhammad had firmly secured himself in Madinah. It was a considerable boost to his reputation as a commander in the eyes of the Meccans.

 Restoring Abrahimic Faith

 While the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was supposed to be valid for ten years, circumstance changed and it expired only over a year later. One of the tribes allied with Mecca attacked a tribe allied with Muhammad. This was a violation of the treaty. Abu Sufyan, the leader of the Meccans, approached Muhammad and asked him to keep the treaty intact. However, for Muhammad, that was not an option. He couldn’t hope to win more allies if he couldn’t even protect his existing ones. For Muhammad, there was no option but war. Muhammad marched his army towards Mecca. Many of the allies of Mecca abandoned them to join him. The Quraysh knew that it was over and so, Mecca capitulated without a fight. Only a dozen or so of Muhammad’s worst enemies were executed. Muhammad then rode to the Kaaba and destroyed all the idols stored in there. According to his teachings, the Kaaba was originally built by Abraham but had been corrupted by the polytheists of Arabia. So, he was just returning it to its original purpose.

 Series of Battles

 Muhammad was now very confident and at the peak of his power. His luck also seems to have turned. Many prominent Meccans abandoned Mecca and joined him, including, the aforementioned Khalid ibn al-Walid. Also, Muhammad’s followers from Ethiopia returned to join him in Madinah. Many new tribes allied with him. He even sent an army into Byzantine territory which was pushed back but without a lot of damage. Though, there was a personal trauma for Muhammad who lost a cousin and an adopted son in the battle. By the end of 629, Muhammad was powerful and had an army of around 10,000 people.

 The same was true for the pilgrimage, which was heavily pre-Islamic but Islamic tradition adopted it claiming it was started by Abraham. Muhammad had struggled over his enemies and God’s message reigned supreme. Muhammad then conquered tribes around Mecca and attacked the city of Ta’if. After taking it, Muhammad was, without a doubt, the most powerful figure in Western Arabia. He then sent delegations all over Arabia inviting them to join him. Many did and Muhammad now had allies all over Arabia. He, once again, attacked the Byzantines by marching to the city of Tabuk. The purpose behind this campaign isn’t fully clear, though, some parts of Islamic tradition say that Muhammad had heard of impending attack by the Byzantines on Madinah so, he marched there to meet them. Though, even according to Islamic tradition, nothing was achieved.

Last Sermon

 In 632, Muhammad performed the Hajj or Major Pilgrimage and gave, what is now called, the Farewell Sermon, in which he laid down the final principles his community was to follow. He fell illshortly after returning to Madinah and passed away some month later in the year 632, at the age of 63. He was buried in the house of his wife Aisha, where he had died. This is the biography of the Prophet as written by compilers at least 100 years after Muhammad’s death. Some of it is very plausible, if not accurate.

 

How do you know that Islam is the religion of truth?

Islam comes from the word salam, which means peace. It is also derived from the Arabic phrase silm, which means submit your will to God. In other terms, Islam means peace acquired by submitting a will to almighty God. Any religious book to claim that it is a pure message from God should be proven to stand the test of time. Previously it was the age of miracles, and the glorious Quran is considered the miracle of miracles. Later on, came the era of literature and poetry, Muslim and non-muslim scholars are alike, they claim the glorious Quran to be the best Arabic literature available on the face of the earth. Today if a religious book claimed that the world is flat, no man would believe it in the age of science and technology, hence if we put this test of science and technology in all the religious scriptures, all of them failed the test except the Quran.

Albert Einstein said that science without religion is lame and religion without science is blind. The Quran is not a book of science s-c-i-e-n-c-e but its book of signs s-i-g-n-s and there are more than six thousand ayats in the glorious Quran which more than a thousand verses speak about science. If you compare the scientific facts that we have come to know recently around 50 to 100 years back, the Quran had mentioned it 1400 years ago. The Quran speaks about the creation of the universe in Surah An-Biya verse number 30 and scientists discovered recently about the big bang, which was discovered 50 years back while it was mentioned in the Quran 1400 years ago. We also learned that the earth was spherical in 1577 when Columbus sailed circumbulate the earth. Instead, the Quran says in Surah Naziat verse number 30 that We (God) have made the earth oval-shaped, referring to the egg of an ostrich that is geospherical. Science previously thought that the moon's light was its own light, but recently we learned that the moon's light is reflected light, not its own light. This was mentioned in the Quran 1400 years ago in Surah Furqan verse 61.  

So who could have mentioned all these facts in the Quran which we came to know recently,  1400 years ago ? We also learned that the sun revolves but does not rotate about its own axis, and Quran mentioned in chapter 21, verse number 33, that the sun, besides revolving, it also rotates. Today science has come to know and proved it sciencetifically correct. The Quran also speaks about botany, biology, zoology, embryology and genetics, which we all came to know recently in science 50 years back. If we put this test of science today on all the religious scriptures, the only scripture that passes this test is the glorious Quran.

Today science hasn't advanced so much that it knows everything. If you analyse the Quran, we come to know approximately 80 per cent of what the Quran speaks about science today has confirmed it is 100 correct; there may be about 20, which are ambiguous, neither right nor wrong. In logical thinking, when 80 per cent is accurate, the balance of 20 will have a high probability of being valid. There is not a single verse in the Quran which has been disproved by  scientific fact. There may be a hypothesis which may not agree with the Quran. Still, there is not a single verse in the Quran which is disproved by any scientific fact, so based on this, if we put this test to any scripture, the only religion that passes this test is Islam. 

Islam is the only religious scripture that has not been altered and has maintained its pure form for 1400 years. Based on these facts, Islam can be considered  the only religion we can think and believe to be truthful and correct. 

How to read a book

 

1. “What is the book about as a whole?” (Discover the leading theme and subordinate themes/topics—Inspectional Reading)

2. “What is being said in detail, and how?” (Discover the main ideas, assertions, and arguments—Inspectional Reading)

3. “Is the book true, in whole or part?” (You cannot answer this question until you have answered the first two—Analytical Reading)

4. “What of it?” (If the book has given you information, you must ask about its significance—Analytical/Syntopical Reading)

source  : Mortimer J. Adler

Purpose Of Life According to Islam

How many people have really thought in  mind  what is the real purpose of this life, the purpose our existence, and what are doing here. Can i say that less than 1% of the human being have ever thought in their life what is the purpose of our life. Do we really required to know our purpose of life ?  I give an example, let say a traveller came to a crossroad, and ask a passerby where this road lead to? The passerby then ask where is  your destination and he replied ,  “anywhere” . So the passerby told him  to  take any road because it make no different.  So imagine, there traveller has no goal , what ever action he deeds it made no different because he wanted to go anywhere. And in reality many of us are leading our life in the same way. In another setting , we may ask a graduate,  what and why  really you want to graduate , and he said i just want to be graduated and never thot yet what i m going to do after that. Unfortunately most of us are living our life in such manner, leading our life without a purpose.

More often , we copied the goal of others without scrutinising it. Some people told why they studied arts  because his friend also took that course in the campus. We intend to emulate others, especially our idols, person who become our central attention like artists and film stars. They keen to follow their idol  life style and indulged in this way of life which also become their goal in achieving this particular purpose. Unfortunately  we blindly  follow the goals of others without realising what we are doing.

Who do you think would be the best person the replied to the question, what is the purpose of our life? Some may think scientists, philosophers or even our our own could answer these question but most of them were failed  and came varied answers. How if I say the best answer that can give these question is the creator of life Himself ?  In this sense I will share the purpose that clearly stated and mentioned in the perspective of Islam religion , which was revealed by Allah himself to His prophets.

In the Quran in  surah Al Dzariyat  chapter 51 and verse 56, said “ I have not created Jinn and the man but to only worship Me “  This infer in the form of worship or ibadah which means obeying the commandment of God. Any commandment of Allah that man obey it is called ibadah (worship) . It denoted that if you perform prayer, give charity, prepare neighbourly  needs,  do good to the others it also mean you perform a worship to God,  not just prayer ritual per se. In other sense, if you abstain yourself from doing what forbids  by Allah like telling lies, stealing, cheating and harm others its also means you are doing worship. In short if you follow the  commandment of Allah , in another word it also consider worshipped because it portray the act of obedient to Allah SWT.

ESRF and Books

After diagnosed with End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF) in 2019, there was grieve decline on my health . My body  no longer met its actual performance  and I bcome uncertain how resilient my  body can further sustain to maintain a good health. At that time , my kidney only work at 5% of its capacity.

In order to  mitigate my kidney from further damage, I went on strict protein diet,but unfortunately  my kidney crash rapidly and its started worsen my health even more.  It took me almost six month to progress from Stage 4 to reach  end stage and I had no choice but to  start the dialysis treatment . It was when I started to show severe simtoms of long fever , continous womitting, fatigueness and short of breath.

Kidney performs essential function to keep our body healthy . The toxic  that builds in our body being exerete by kidney filtration, keeping  up the balance of  minerals in our body . Kidney ensures  minerals in our body like sodium, phosforos, pottasium and fluid are in right balance and portion to keep our body function and perform well. Once the kidney fail to execute all his responsibilities,the body will start to deteriorate and gradually leads to  detrimental health crisis and lost of life.

Dialysis is treatment to replace kidney functions, to keep ESRF  patience sustain his health  . It filtered the patient toxicated blood in a dialyzer machine  and return back the clean blood to the blood stream through arterivenous acess made to the body. In order to stay alive, ESRF patients usually have to undergo dialysis treatment 3 times a week , 4 hours per session through out his life time. Unless the patients get  a new kidney from the donor for transplant procedure,  most probable he has a chance to lead  a normal life again. Statistic recorded that  less than 1 on 20 transplant  procedure faced rejection.

While on dialysis, its important to keep strict diet to control toxic  accumulation,  which easily fluctuate due to loss of kidney  function. Skiping dialysis sessions were  great factor that lead to the death of kidney patients. ESRF patients who stop dialysis most probably have a month to live according to medical experts.

A person diagnosed with ESRF  needs  to adjust to new routine of life long treatments.  Some may experience extreme post dialysis effects like low blood preassure  accompanied by shortness of breath, abdominal and musle cramps, nausea ,  vomiting and even blood infection (sepsis).

Its important for ESRF patients to listen closely  his body conditions and take appropriate and necesaary actions. Every 3 month they required to take blood test and timely monitored by nefrologist. I also suggest to ESRF's to keep themself updated with latest knowledge by joining support groups and thru  extensive reading. Here I keenly sharing some books that I had read, during my winding road as ESRF patient. Hope it benefits who share the same journey.

1. Chronic Kidney Disease, Life after Diagnose by Jeff A. Parke

2. You Are A Dialysis Patients by James F. Horn,  MD

3. How to Avoid Dialysis and cure kidney disease by Terry Cooksey

4. Anatomy of an Illness by Norman Cousins

5. The Doctor Kidney Diets by Mandip S. Kang MD

6. The Art of Medicine by Dr Herbert Hong Ping Kong

7. There is life after Dialysis by Vijay N. Shanker

8. Dialysis Without Fear by Daniel Offer MD

9. The Kidney Warriors by Vasundhara Raghavan

10. Kidney Disease A Guide for Living by Walter A. Hunt

11. Living Well With Kidney Failure by Juliet Auer

Rise and Fall of Turks Ottoman Empire

 

The origin of the Ottoman Turks, if viewed from a geographical point of view it is situated on the upper side of Syria. It can be said that the origins of these Turks began with them being known as nomadic travellers. They live a nomadic life like gipsies. They were majority lived in Central Asia where history concludes they came from the Moguls and Tartars. As for the name of the Ottoman Turks, where the Ottomans are referring to the first sultan or king of this empire, namely Sultan Uthman I. In the name of the first king, this kingdom was called Ottoman Turkey. During the reign of his grandfather, the empire was under constant attack by the Mogul and Tartar army. During the reign under king Sulaiman Shah with an army of 1000 people had tried to escape and seek refuge in the area ruled by the Seljuk province of Asia Minor called Anatolia. After the threat from Tatars and Mogul abated, the Sultan Sulaiman Shah decided to return to his former ruling territory and they were also forced to cross the Euphrates river. However, they were unlucky when the ship sank on a voyage to the original region and Sultan Sulaiman Shah was believed to have died during the drowning storm. As a result of the incident, the father of Uthman I, Ertugrul, was unhappy to return to his original territory and decided to turn back and return to the former area in Anatolia. Ertugrul begged for mercy and talked to the Seljuk rule of Rome under Sultan Alaudin Qauqubas at the time. Sultan Alauddin Qauqubas had given part of a small area to shelter under the large Seljuk government. With this the seal of a treaty of allegiance or allegiance of the Ottoman Turks with the government of King Alauddin Qauqubas. Thus, if there is a war and rebellion, Ertugrul will be involved in helping and defending the Seljuk Empire. Counted on the numerous  successes and in remembrance of the services of Ertugrul's army in  winning a series of wars, King Alauddin has appointed these armies as the sultan's pioneer army or the royal elite army. On top of that, due to many winning wars helping the Seljuks, the Ottoman Turks were given the gift of colonies and became large territories. So much so that they exist and live as a powerful state in Asia Minor Anatolia. However, in 1281 Ertugrul breathed his last breath and  the kingdom was inherited by Sultan Uthman who became a famous kingdom, the Ottoman Turkey. Uthman continued his father's rule with a large and powerful territory by being given the authority to rule but it was still under the auspices and rule of the Seljuk Rome.

In the year 1300 there were still attacks and attempts of conquest by the Tartars and Mongols but were successfully defeated by the army of Uthman I. It was soon reported about the death of Sultan Alauddin Qauqubas and the situation made it a little tricky as he did not have an heir to inherit the ruling throne. Therefore this opportunity was used by Uthman I to raise his name as the successor to the government of Sultan Alauddin Seljuk. He managed to garner votes from the remnants of the Tartars and Mongols who had been defeated at his hands who were also now under his rule. With this he officially succeeded in becoming the larger and first Ottoman Turkish ruler including the Seljuk  which was once under Sultan Alaudin Qauqubas.

This began the reign of the Ottoman Turkish caliphate. Chronologically this reign began with Uthman I which ended in 1326. This was followed by the 2nd caliph namely Orhan I (1326-1359), Murad I (1359-1389), Sultan Bayazid I (1389-1402). An important event occured during Sultan Bayazid I was war with the King of Hungary, namely King Sigmund to seize the Balkans. The victory of the war against King Sigmund during the reign of Bayazid had elevated the authority and power of the Ottoman Turks because the adversaries were influential Christian tribes. But the Tartars and Mongols still did not remain silent, continuing to try to defeat the Ottoman Turks. Under the Commander of Timurlenk, Mongols managed to subdue Bayazid I in a fierce battle with an Ottoman army strength of 120 000 against a much larger Timurlenk army of 800 000. Bayazid was captured and detained and died  as a prisoner. The next heir was Muhammad I but there was a fight for the throne with his siblings, namely Mustafa, Sulaiman and Ahmad. Due to his cunning and success in gaining popularity and influence, Muhammad managed to present himself as the 5th caliph of the Ottoman Turks (1413-1421). The next 6th Sultan was Sultan Murad II (1421-1451) and followed by Sultan Muhammad II (1451-1481) who was more popularly named Sultan Muhammad Al- Fateh the conqueror of Constantinople.

 The history of the Ottoman Turkish rulling  experienced a collapse during the reign of Sultan Muhammad the 6th who had ruled from 1918 to 1922 who was also the 30th caliph. The post -World War I had urged Ottoman Turkey to make an agreement with the Allied Forces which consisted mostly of European bloc countries. This agreement is known as the Treaty of Sevres signed on January 20, 1920 where the Turkish government had to give up most of their territories especially the Hijjaz, Armenia and Izmir due to excessive debt burden. Sharif Hussain's collusion with the British government predicted the Hijaz would be given to him but that did not happen due to British cunning by breaking promises, this made him only get a smaller colony of Jordan while the Hijjaz had fallen into the hands of the Saudi family, Saudi Arabia.

The Sevres Agreement on the other hand met with opposition from the Turkish leftists and radicals especially the Turkish National Party under the leadership of Mustafa Kamal Attaturk. The party insisted that the caliphate not sign this agreement which could lead to the loss of large parts of Turkish territory. The British at the time had asked for the help of the Greek military (Greece) to subdue the Nationalist party under Kamal Attaturk. This war is the concern of the whole world especially Muslims because losing or winning this war will determine whether the name of Turkey will continue to exist on the world map and will end the Islamic caliphate  that has ruled over 500 years. This critical and important war that took place in Izmir eventually sided with Kamal Attaturk and immediately the Sevres agreement was annulled and the Turkish Nationalist party reclaimed the colony that had been liberated. This has resumed the continuity of Turkish power however it is no longer a caliphate ruling  system but Kamal Attaturk emerged as the first new Turkish president with a more secular pattern of government.