Sunday, November 14, 2021
Belangsungkawa buat 'Ayah-ayah'
Wednesday, November 10, 2021
Gempita Gegar Bedilan (Ode to Malaysian Gunners)
Catatan ini dikarang sempena menjelang hari ulangtahun bumi
kelahiran . Di kesempatan ini, ingin dititipkan
sebuah kisah pejuangan yang
mungkin asing dibibir dan telinga kita. Nama-nama mereka tidak diukir gah di dalam
lipatan sejarah merah bangsa. Kisah -kisah mereka tidak ditugukan untuk tatapan generasi-generasi yang
mendatang. Apatah lagi untuk meminta dikalungkan bunga-bunga rampai di pusara
mereka sebagai perwira bangsa. Ini
adalah kisah pejuang yang tidak menagih sanjungan, walau darah telah
dipertaruhkan demi negara tercinta.
Sejarahnya bermula hampir seiring dengan tarikh kelahiran
tanah ini. Pada 15 Ogos 1957, di sebuah Kem di Kajang, seramai 89 anak watan
telah berikrar memberanikan diri untuk mempertahankan segenap lapisan tanah daripada petualang negara. Mereka ini adalah
pelopor di kalangan anak-anak muda yang digelar sebagai anak-anak meriam di dalam Malayan
Federation Battery. British sebelum itu ragu akan kemanpuan warga tempatan
untuk menyertai pasukan meriam yang memerlukan ketangkasan mengendali
kerumitan senjata ini. Namun mereka ini adalah anak- anak muda berjiwa
kental di sebalik dentuman halilintar
yang telah mengugah-gerunkan semangat musuh. Di sebalik setiap letusan dan debu kiamat daripada tembakan
meriam ini, berdiri gagah anak-anak-anak muda berjiwa besar. Ketangkasan mereka
menghancur-leburkan musuh dengan ketepatan sasaran di kedudukan musuh tidak
dapat disangkal dan dibandingkan. Ini bukan kerja mudah kerana silap langkah,
akan bencana pada sahabat sendiri. Dan tanpa mereka ini, amatlah sukar untuk
sesebuah pasukan infantri untuk bertahan
dan melancarkan serangan.
Sejak tertubuhhnya pasukan
ini, peranan dan perjuangan mereka amat penting. Anak- anak meriam ini telah menghadapi pelbagai ancaman bermula sejak
darurat, konfrantasi sehingga lenyapnya militan komunis di negara ini. Dentuman
tembakan sulung dengan meriam jenis 25 pounder, dibedil dengan jayanya oleh
PW II Ahmad Tajudin pada Oktober 1957 di Sri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan dalam operasi
membantu SAS New Zealand . Mereka
juga diaturgerakkan di kawasan Rawang
-Kuala Kubu Baru yang bermula dengan
operasi serangan udara Lincoln Bombers dari Singapura , diikuti dengan tembakan meriam dan mortar
sebelum pasukan Askar Melayu melancarkan operasi penggeledahan mencari dan
memusnah. Pasukan ini seterusnya diarahkan mengambil kedudukan di tapak
meriam di sekitar jalan Bentong-Karak dan melepaskan tembakan
mengharu ke arah selatan dan barat jalan utama dan berjaya memusnahkan
penempatan musuh-musuh. Di utara Semenanjung Malaya, mereka mengambil kedudukan tapak meriam di Sintok
dalam membantu batalion Askar Melayu dengan melancarkan beberapa jenis tembakan di kawasan yang disyaki pendudukan
komunis. Setelah ditamatkan operasi
tersebut di sekitar Oktober 1960, pasukan meriam terus diaturgerakkan di
kawasan Kuala Nerang, di mana mereka terpaksa mengharungi Sungai Terap dan
Sungai Pedu untuk menduduki tapak meriam bagi melancarkan bantuan tembakan.
Tembakan mengharu dilaksanakan bertubi-tubi telah melemahkan semangat musuh dan memudahkan
operasi penggelidahan oleh pasukan infantri. Setelah selesai operasi,
disebabkan tempat menyeberang telah ditenggelami air, pasukan meriam telah
dikeluarkan menggunakan rakit.
Pada 1963 sekali lagi negara digemparkan dengan pengesanan pasukan payung terjun Tentera Indonesia
mendarat di sekitar kawasan Thungamalu Estate di Kluang yang memulakan krisis Konfrantasi dengan negara jiran semasa
pemerintahan Soekarno. Rejimen Meriam
telah diarahkan untuk melaksanakan tugas rondaan hutan, tepi laut dan melakukan
serang hendap di kawasan pendaratan tentera Indonesia. Platun diketuai
oleh pegawai-pegawai meriam iaitu Lt. M.
Hasaan dan Lt. Herman telah melaksanakan operasi pembersihan sejauh 6000 ela
bagi menjejak musuh yang disyaki telah berada di kawasan tersebut. Beberapa
anggota meriam ditugaskan sebagai pegawai perhubungan kepada pasukan Gurkha dari tentera British. Bantuan
tembakan meriam secara langsung telah diberikan kepada tentera Gurkha yang
menjalankan operasi di kedudukan berhampiran. Serang hendap telah dilakukan
pada sebelah malam dan dengan ketangkasan salah seorang anak meriam, Gunner Chew Ling telah bertempur dan
berjaya menembak mati seorang tentera Indonesia yang menyamar berpakaian awam
. Di samping itu juga, dua orang
tentera Indonesia telah berjaya diberkas
oleh platun meriam yang di ketua Lt. Berinder Singh.
Selain daripada operasi Konfrantsi di Semenanjung, pasukan meriam
juga telah diaturgerakkan di kawasan Sabah dan Sarawak dalam membantu operasi
sejak tragedi di Kalabakan. Beberapa
pucuk meriam di tempatkan di Wallace Bay, Batu Lintang, Lubuk Antu dan Nangga Jambu untuk memberi
bantuan tembakan kepada Rejimen 1/10 Gurkha. Tapak meriam di ketuai beberapa
pegawai meriam iaitu Lt. M. Bakar Saleh, Lt Wan Nor , Lt M Hon Hong Kuang. Meriam-meriam digerakkan ke lokasi kira-kira
4000 ela daripada sempadan Malaysia- Indonesia dengan menggunakan helicopter
jenis Belvedere. Pasukan meriam telah
mengambilalih tugas daripada 45th
Royal British Regiment di Batu Lintang pada tarikh keramat 22 dan 23 Januari 1965 , di mana satu insiden
yang mengerikan telah berlaku. Kedudukan pasukan meriam telah dibedil oleh tentera Indonesia dengan menggunakan meriam howitzer di jarak kurang daripada 800 meter. Anak-anak Meriam
terselamat di sebalik kubu-kubu meriam yang di bina dan merea tidak dapat melakukan tembakan
balas disebabkan risiko penempatan-penempatan rumah panjang yang berhampiran.
Pada waktu kerajaan tanah melayu berada dalam keadaan darurat
sekitar tahun 1948 hingga 1960, gerakan mencari dan memusnah musuh yang dijalankan
oleh pasukan infantri mendapat perlindungan dan bantuan tembakan daripada
pasukan meriam. Operasi membenteras komunis dilaksanakan secara berterusan di
negeri Perak, Pahang , Kelantan termasuk
penempatan bersempadanan dengan negara Thailand iaitu di Betong Salient
dan Sadoa. Dalam salah satu operasi di bawah
kawalan beberapa pegawai pemerhati hadapan meriam iaitu Kapt Zainal Din, Lt Mokhtar Perman dan Lt
Kamaruddin telah mengarah tembakan yang memaksa pengganas komunis keluar dari
kawasan persembunyian. Hampir 1200 butir peluru letupan kuat, asap White
Phospurus , asap kuning dan peluru suaran telah ditembak terhadap kedudukan
musuh. Melalui laporan yang diperolehi, kesan
tembakan meriam tersebut telah berjaya
membunuh 24 pengganas komunis dan dianggarkan 17 mengalami kecederaan parah.
Di dalam salah
satu operasi , pasukan meriam terpaksa
menduduki kedudukan yang sukar demi memberi bantuan tembakan kepada pasukan
infantri yang menjalankan operasi mencari dan memusnah. Tapak Meriam ini
merangkumi kawasan Klian Intan, Chantarat , Ban Mak Muang , Ban Kamo, Ban To dan Ban Khok Chang. Tembakan meriam berhalilintar di waktu malam
telah mengagalkan pengganas komunis untuk meneruskan operasi mereka dan memberi impak psikologi yang melunturkan
semangat juang mereka. Dianggarkan hampir 6000 butir peluru telah berjaya
dilepaskan ke sasaran bagi menjayakan operasi yang dikenali sebagai Cahaya Bena. Dengan kejayaan
dan ketangkasan pasukan dan anak-anak meriam ini , mereka telah ditugaskan
operasi berikutnya di kawasan Betong
Salient dalam membantu pasukan Zulu Skuadron Rejimen Gerak Khas yang
melaksanakan serang hendap ke atas kumpulan pengganas komunis. Pegawai meriam
Lt Basri Asari dengan tangkas mengarah
tembakan yang mengorbankan pengganas
yang berlindung di penempatan mereka. Tragedi
yang tidak dapat dilupakan di dalam operasi apabila salah seorang pegawai meriam,
Lt. Raja Musa telah mengalami kecederaan parah akibat
terpijak jerangkap samar. Kesan daripada kecederaan itu ,mata beliau telah buta
dan kaki kanan terpaksa dipotong.
Beginilah kisah suka duka pahit maung mereka yang bergelar anak- anak meriam,
wira-wira yang tidak didendang. Bukanlah mudah untuk mengendali dan memastikan tembakan
yang tepat dan cepat dapat dilancarkan
sebilang masa bagi memastikan nyawa
pasukan sahabat dapat dilindungi. Ramai anak-anak meriam yang telah tercedera dan terkorban dalam
mengendalikan senjata yang amat berisiko tinggi ini. Kini masa berlalu, jasa dan perjuangan mereka dalam melenyapkan dan menggerunkan
musuh terus berlalu sepi. Nama-nama yang disebutkan di dalam kisah ini,
kini berada di celah-celah masyarakat biasa yang mungkin pernah kita sua dan jumpa.
Namun di sebalik wajah-wajah yang tidak dikenali itu, tersimpan kisah perwira yang mengegar- gempitakan
medan pertempuran dengan bedilan keramat, agar setiap inci tanah yang dicintai ini tidak dinodai oleh musuh durjana.
Andai kita lupa, ingatilah kembali dentuman tembakan 101 das Meriam 25 pounder yang mengiringi laungan pengistiharaan kemerdekaan Tanah
Melayu pada detik 31 ogos 1957. Semoga gempita gegar bedilan itu masih lagi bergaung di segenap penjuru sanubari warga
bumi tercinta ini. Selamat menyambut hari Merdeka buat wira-wira bedilan !
Tuesday, October 26, 2021
Doa dan Jaga Aib Org lain
Wednesday, October 20, 2021
Anatomy of Happiness
Friday, September 3, 2021
Belangsungkawa Tuan Najbudin
Pagi itu, terdetik aku whatsapps seorng sahabat. Cuma ingin bertanya khabar, kerana tahu kesihatannya merosot bebrapa bulan lepas. Sedetik kemudian, hanya berita sedih diterima. Tuan Najbudin telah hembus nafas akhir, sebelum subuhnya.
Aku bahasa beliau sebagai Tuan Najib. Kerana beliau senior dalam tentera dalam rejimen meriam yang sama. Pertama kali jumpe di hospital seremban wad 1 E. Waktu itu juga, kesihatan aku merosot, di diagnos CKD stage 5. Tidak disangka, disebelahan katil no. 10 wad 1 E juga adalah seorang pesara meriam. Tuan Najib telah lama bersara sebelum aku masuk perkhidmatan. Beliau kenal arwah ayahku yang juga senior beliau dalam rejimen meriam. Semuanya seakan kebetulan. Kami jadi mesra dan aku anggap Tn Najib seperti bapa saudara sendiri.
Watak Tn Najib memang suka berseloroh dan mudah di damping. Sifat ceria dan ramah beliau selalu bingitkan wad 1 E Hospital Tuanku Jaafar. Wad meriah sebab ade beliau. Awal pagi belum lagi doktor round memeriksa pesakit, Tn najib akan lagi awal 'periksa' pesakit dari katil ke katil. Doktor ,jururawat memang dah lazim gelagat Tn Najib, hingga mengalahkan doktor.
Satu hari Tn Najib lancar misi untuk lari sekejap dari wad untuk balik rumah. Ade hal sikit katanya. Jangan risau malamnya sya datang balik katanya lagi. Dengan gaya berjaket, berkaca mata hitam, Tn najib berjaya lolos dari wad. Walau disedari oleh jururawat, tpi beliau cekap bak lipas kudung tak terkejar jururawat berbadan besar.
Tn Najib pnah pelawa aku minum coke di wad. Dengan ais batu lagi. Tak tau mcamne dia bole seludup. Memang pantang kalau doktor tahu, air gas apetahlagi coke di minum oleh pesakit CKD.
Kata Tn Najib pesakit kronik macam macam pantang larang. Serba serbi tak boleh. Tapi kita juga manusia biasa. Selagi berselera hemtam saja, pandai pandai tanggung nanti, seloroh beliau sambil berbahak.
Tn Najib pnah kata 'once you let medical insert something into ur body, you will not escape from it and they will do more to ur body. ' Itulah lumrah kehidupan kidney failure. Akan bermulanya kembara kesihatan yang penuh roller-coaster. Kite kene kuat , tali paling kuat untuk berpegang hanya Dia. Berdoa dan dan bergantung harap. Mudahan kesudahan kita baik. Pesan Tn Najib sambil senyum.
Sejak keluar wad, telah lama tidak ketemui Tn najib. Hanya berutus whatsapp bertanya khabar, kongsi kata hikmah dan cebisan ayat ayat Quran. Kali terakhir ketemui waktu aku bersolat jumaat di Masjid Bukit Chedang. Memang rancang nak cari beliau di sana. Tercari-cari di saf hadapan tapi tak kelihatan. Rupanya beliau di sudut hujung tersorak di saf paling belakang. Sempat berbual seminit dua di pintu pagar keluar masjid.
Bebrapa bulan belakang Tn Najib khabar berita pada aku. Yang kaki nya terpaksa di potong sebab 'gangrene'. Masih ingat ayat beliau di whatsapp ' ' the pain is unberable, but im ok'..
Selapas itu , aku kurang mendapat khabar Tn Najib. Aku tahu kesihatan semakin merosot. Kerap whatsaap hanya dibalas oleh anaknya. Tn Najib tidak lagi pegang handphone sendiri. Anaknya satu hari bagitahu ayah kena masuk wad, kena tranfuse darah, hemoglobin semakin menurun.
Pagi itu aku cuba whatsapp Tn Najib mungkin dia dah stabil. Harapan aku. Berita sebaliknya aku terima. Beliau telah pergi selama lamanya awal subuh hari itu lagi.
Belangsungkawa buat Tn Najib, walau perkenalan hanya seketika, tapi cukup untuk pada aku sebagai model pejuang gigih berjiwa kental . Terima kasih atas dorongan dan semangat. Terima kasih sebab tunjuk erti bertahan selagi nyawa berdetak . Pnah Tuan kata dulu, ' I'm down but not out' . Kata-kata yang tak mungkin aku lupa. Perjalanan Tn Najib lalui adalah denai denai yang bakal aku menyusul nanti.
Doa aku Tn lebih tenang di Sana.
Monday, August 30, 2021
Ode to Malaysian Shelldrake
This piece is written in
conjunction with the anniversary of the nation Independence Day. On this meaningful
occasion, I want to spare a story of struggle that may sound foreign to our
ears. Their names are not engraved in the folds of the nation's blood history. Their
stories are not destined for the decorative album of future generations. Not to
mention more, for them to be garlanded with potpourri at their graves as warrior
of the nation. This is the story of a warrior who does not solicit flattery, even
when their blood has been at stake for the sake of the beloved country.
The history begins almost in line
with the date of the birth of this land. On August 15, 1957, at a Camp in
Kajang, a total of 89 natives young man have pledged to volunteer to defend
this beloved land from foreign intruders. They are among pioneer who dubbed themselves
as cannon crew in Malayan Federation Battery. The British had previously doubted
the viability of the locals to join an artillery unit that requires agility to
handle complexity of the weapon. But these are selected young people with a
strong soul behind the bang of thunderbolt that had terrified the spirit of the
enemy. Behind every eruption and the dust of the apocalypse from the shots of
this cannon, stood gallantly a soulful determined young brave men. Their
dexterity to smash the enemy with the accuracy of the target on to enemy position
is undeniable and comparable. This is not an easy task because any miscalculations
will be disastrous to own friendly forces. And without them, it is almost impossible for an infantry unit to survive and launch an attack.
Since the inception of the unit,
their role and struggle is very important. The gun crews have faced various
threats starting from the emergency period, the confrontation until the wiped off
of communist militants in the country. The bang of the first shot with a 25
pounder cannon, fired successfully by PW II Ahmad Tajudin in October 1957 in
Sri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan in an operation to assist SAS New Zealand. They
are also deployed in the Rawang -Kuala Kubu Baru area which started the
operation with Lincoln Bombers airstrikes from Singapore, followed by artillery
fire and mortar prior to the Malay Regiment troops launched a search operation
to search and destroy. The unit was then instructed to take a gun position
around the Bentong-Karak road and fired raging shots to the south and west main
road and successfully destroy enemy settlements. In the north of the Peninsula Malaya,
they took up the gun position at Sintok in assisting the Malay Regiment to
launch an attack to suspected communist occupation area. After the operation
ended around October 1960, artillery troops continued to be deployed in the
Kuala Nerang area, where they had to wading through Sungai Terap and Sungai
Pedu to occupy the gun position for launch fire assistance. Harassing shots
have been fired to weaken the morale of the enemy and facilitate search
operations by the infantry unit. After the operation, because the crossing was
flooded, the artillery unit was redeployed using a raft.
In 1963 once again the country
was rocked by the detection of Indonesian paratroopers landed around the Thungamalu
Estate area in Kluang which initiated Confrontation crisis with neighbouring country
during Soekarno's rule. The Artillery Regiment was instructed to carry out coastal
patrol duties to ambush the Indonesian military landing area. The platoon is
led by artillery officers, Lt. M. Hasaan and Lt. Herman has performed the
operation clearing as far as 6000 yards to track down enemies suspected to have
been in the area. Several artillerymen were assigned as liaison officers to Gurkha
troops from the British army. Direct gun fire assistance has been given to the
Gurkha army conducting operations at a nearby position. The ambush was carried
out at night and with the dexterity of one gun crew, Gunner Chew Ling had
fought and managed to shoot dead one Indonesian soldiers in disguise in
civilian clothes. In addition, two Indonesian army was also successfully
apprehended by an artillery platoon led by Lt. Berinder Singh.
Apart from the Confrontation
operations in the Peninsular, artillery units have also been deployed in Sabah
and Sarawak in assisting operations since Kalabakan tragedy. Several guns were placed in Wallace Bay, Batu Lintang,
Lubuk Antu and Nangga Jambu to provide fire assistance to the 1/10 Gurkha
Regiment. Gun positions led by several artillery officers, namely Lt. M. Bakar
Saleh, Lt Wan Nor, Lt M Hon Hong Kuang. The guns were moved to a location about
4000 yards from the border Malaysia- Indonesia by using a Belvedere type
helicopter. The artillery unit has took over the duties of the 45th Royal British Regiment at Batu Lintang on the sacred
date 22 and 23 January 1965, where a horrific incident took place. The position
of the artillery was shelled by the Indonesian army using howitzer at a
distance of less than 800 meters. The gun crews survived despite the cannon
fortifications being built and they were unable to launch counter fire due to
the risk of nearby longhouse settlements.
At the time the country was in emergency
from the year 1948 until 1960, the search and destruction of the enemy was
carried out by infantry get protection and firing assistance from the artillery
unit. Operations to eradicate communists are implemented continuously in the state
of Perak, Pahang, Kelantan including settlements bordering Thailand in Betong
Salient and Sadoa. In one of the operations under the control of several artillery
forward observer officers namely Capt Zainal Din, Lt Mokhtar Perman and Lt Jamaluddin
were directed shots that forced communist terrorists out of hiding areas.
Almost 1200 rounds high explosive, White Phosphorus, yellow smoke have been shot
against enemy positions. Through the reports obtained, the effects of the shots
had succeeded in killing 24 communist terrorists and an estimated 17 suffered
severe injuries.
In one of the operations, the
artillery unit had to occupy a difficult position in order to provide fire
support to the infantry unit conducting the seek and destroy operation. This
gun position covers the area of Klian Intan, Chantarat, Ban Mak Muang, Ban
Kamo, Ban To and Ban Khok Chang. Lightning of gun fire at night has thwarted
the communist terrorists in continue their operations and give a psychological
impact that weakens their fighting spirit. Estimated nearly 6000 rounds of ammunition
were successfully fired at the target for the success of the operation known as
Cahaya Bena. With the success and agility of the unit and gun crews, they were
assigned for the next operation in the Betong Salient area in assisting the
Special Operations of Zulu Squadron carrying out the ambush on communist
terrorist groups. Artillery officer Lt Basri Asari expertly directing shots
that killed terrorists taking refuge in settlements. An unforgettable tragedy
in the operation when one of the artillery officers, Lt. Raja Musa had suffered
severe injuries due to stepping on a booby trap. As a result of the
injury, his eyes were blinded and his right leg had to be amputated.
This is the story of the bitter
grief of those who known as the gun crews of artillery regiment, the unsung
heroes. It is never a convenient task to operate and ensure the fire shot fall accurately
and swiftly launch fire support at any time to ensure the life of friendly can
be protected. Many of the gun crews were wounded and killed during operating
this extremely high risk weapon. Now time has passes, their service and struggle
in obliterating and frightening the enemy continued to pass quietly. The names mentioned
in this story, is now in the midst of among ordinary citizen maybe we'll have met.
But behind those unfamiliar faces, stored the story of once a warrior who rocked
the battlefield with lightning of gunfire, ensure every inch of this beloved
land is not tarnished by the unwelcome visitors.
Probably, if we may forget, do recall
the rumble of the 101 rounds gun fires of 25 pounder cannon cries accompanying
declarations of Independence of Malaya on auspicious 31 August 1957. Hopefully,
that tremors of the gunfire will still resonate in very soul of the people
hearts of this beloved land. Happy Merdeka Day to all Gunners!
Thursday, August 19, 2021
ADF Strategic HRM
The Australian Defence Force (ADF) is an established military organisation which responsible for the defence country of Australia. It’s basically consists of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), Australian Army , Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) and few number of joint of tri-service unit. Currently ADF has total strength over 80,000 full-time personnel and active reservist and is also supported by the Department of Defence and few other civilian agencies. The ADF initial priorities are based on the 2016 Defence White paper , which denoted the three main area of focus that are defend Australian from direct attack or coercion, contribute to security of South East Asia include South Pacific and provide stability across Indo-Pacific region that supports its interest (‘Australian Defence Force’ 2017).
Strategies
According to Podger et al (2017) HRM
has play an important roles in order to overcome the complex labour market.
According to Thomas (2007) ADF’s ability to attract and retain a high quality
workforce and to sustain organisational capability is essential to its
competitive advantage strategy. In order
to respond to the 2016 White Paper plans for the future workforce, ADF develop
a 10 year Strategic Workforce Plan in 2016. This strategic Workforce plan set
out the skills the ADF need and detail how they will attract, retain and
develop its people. This work plan will provide workforce priorities, practical
initiatives and resource for attracting, growing and retaining the people
defence needs (DoD 2016 p. 160).
ADF introduced new business model
which focuses on its core business. Substantially it features a strong
strategic centre that provides clear directions, contestable of decision-
making as well as enhanced control of resource and monitoring of organizational
performance. (DoD 2016 p. 168). The Government strengthen its accountability
and top–level decision making in ADF by creating a credible and astute
strategic centre. The Strategic centre is senior management structure in ADF
that sets priorities, manages resources and responsible for steering the whole
organisation to implement the Government’s defence policies. The strategic centre
includes the Secretary of the Department of Defence, Chief of the Defence Force
and the Vice Chief of the Defence Force, the Associate Secretary, the Deputy
Secretary Strategic Policy and Intelligent and the Chief Finance Officer (DoD
2016 pp.168-169)
Challenges
One of the most important and
challenging tasks ADF will have in the coming future is to maintain the
capability of ADF and Australian Public Service (APS) workforce to achieve the
Strategic Defence Objectives that rule out
in the 2016 Defence White Paper ( DoD 2016 p. 71-75). Thomas (2007) stated that workforce ‘demand’,
defined as requirement by ADF for specific competencies and the distributions
of its components, people and competencies across the capabilities required b. This integrate workforce capability has a
diverse range of skills, including in combat and combat support, capabilities
development and sustainment, technical, strategy and policy (DoD 2016 p. 146).
Workforce capabilities also has a supply side, concerned with the
availability of the people to meet stated and emerging ADF objectives and HR
system that can support or hinder ADF to achieves its goals. The immediate challenges are basically to
perform effective recruitment and the retention of the serving personnel. Schindle
& Ong (as cited in Thomas
2007) stated that for recruitment ADF
need to widen their demographic target based beyond the traditional Australian
born by accessing a more diverse labour supply in term of age, gender and
ethnic background.